Interpretation: we can consider
and
as events on the
probability space
(randomly pick a point
; the
events are whether
and whether
). We call
and
``independent events'' if
, ie.,
if
, or yet in other words,
if
The intuitive meaning of the formula stated in the exercise
becomes more evident in this context if we divide
each side by
:
Enhanced hint.
Show that if
is randomly chosen from
and
is randomly chosen from a transitive group
then the events
and
are independent.
(This is immediate if
(why?) but remains true for any
transitive group
.)
Then use indicator variables to show how this translates
into the expected intersection size of
and
.