A large part of the prerequisites is covered in the instructor's Discrete Mathematics Lecture Notes.
Asymptotic Equality and Inequality
Dynamic programming: The knapsack problem
Divide and Conquer: The Karatsuba-Ofman integer multiplication algorithm
The Method of Reverse Inequalities
Amortized analysis (updated Feb 2, 2009 (3 typos corrected))
Loop invariants (revised Jan 31, 2009)
Repeated Squares and Euclid's Algorithm